Polio is a viral disease caused by the poliovirus that spreads easily from person to person, primarily through contact with infected fecal matter. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices, such as not washing hands properly, can contribute to the spread of the disease.

While the polio vaccine has led to a dramatic reduction in cases worldwide, people with weakened immune systems remain at higher risk of contracting the disease. The virus can also be transmitted through coughing or sneezing, although this is less common. Polio has been a significant public health concern, causing paralysis and in severe cases, death. Eradication efforts are ongoing, and prevention through vaccination and good hygiene practices remains critical in the fight against polio.